These are encapsulated accumulations of synovial fluid, usually from a small joint, which can cause pain or functional limitation, especially in patients who do repetitive manual activities, requiring exeresis if pain or functional limitation is present.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a problem caused by excessive pressure on the median nerve. This nerve in the wrist allows sensation and movement to parts of the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle damage in the hand and fingers, especially at night. Depending on the degree of injury, surgical intervention may be required.

Spring finger or stenosing tenosynovitis is a very common problem that affects the tendons in the hand that flex the fingers. It can limit finger movement and cause a lot of pain. It occurs when the flexor tendons are irritated, causing inflammation. This inflammation and irritation thickens the tendons and when they are inflamed, the passage through the canal narrows. The tendon pulley (A1 pulley) may also thicken, restricting the space in the tunnel, causing the tendon to temporarily lock and feel a pull when stretched. It usually requires surgical treatment, although in very early cases can be treated with orthoses and infiltration.